The magazine Mother Jones has published a study which proposes that the war in Iraq has increased global terrorism by sevenfold. To begin their argument, they first quote the President from a policy speech he gave at the
United States Naval Academy in November of 2005
If we were not fighting and destroying this enemy in Iraq, they would not be idle. They would be plotting and killing Americans across the world and within our own borders. By fighting these terrorists in Iraq, Americans in uniform are defeating a direct threat to the American people.
Then they analyze his argument
The president’s argument conveyed two important assumptions: first, that the threat of jihadist terrorism to U.S. interests would have been greater without the war in Iraq, and second, that the war is reducing the overall global pool of terrorists. However, the White House has never cited any evidence for either of these assumptions, and none appears to be publicly available.
Clearly this is an incorrect restatement of what Bush said: It did not say that the war would reduce the overall pool of global terrorists. What it did say was that the war in Iraq keeps would-be terrorists occupied; which it clearly does. What Bush is really trying to accomplish is outlined a little later in that same speech
In the short run, we're going to bring justice to our enemies. In the
long run, the best way to ensure the security of our own citizens is to
spread the hope of freedom across the broader Middle East. We've seen
freedom conquer evil and secure the peace before. In World War II, free
nations came together to fight the ideology of fascism, and freedom
prevailed -- and today Germany and Japan are democracies and they are
allies in securing the peace. In the Cold War, freedom defeated the
ideology of communism and led to a democratic movement that freed the
nations of Eastern and Central Europe from Soviet domination -- and
today these nations are allies in the war on terror.
So the goal is to spread freedom and defeat an enemy of both freedom and the United States.
However, I will admit that while the quote presented by Mother Jones does not state it, killing Jihadists in Iraq does in fact reduce the number of Jihadists in the world. This is must be obvious to anyone who took elementary school mathematics.
But the report tries to assert that since the number of global terrorist incidents around the world has risen since the US invaded Iraq, that proves that the war in Iraq is neither reducing the number of terrorists, nor decreased the threat to America: in fact they claim the war in Iraq has increased the threat to America from terrorism.
Indeed, though what we will call "The Iraq Effect" is a crucial matter for U.S. national security, we have found no statistical documentation of its existence and gravity, at least in the public domain. In this report, we have undertaken what we believe to be the first such study, using information from the world’s premier database on global terrorism...
Our study shows that the Iraq War has generated a stunning sevenfold increase in the yearly rate of fatal jihadist attacks, amounting to literally hundreds of additional terrorist attacks and thousands of civilian lives lost; even when terrorism in Iraq and Afghanistan is excluded, fatal attacks in the rest of the world have increased by more than one-third.
OK. So how do they do that?
In order to zero in on The Iraq Effect, we focused on the rate of terrorist attacks in two time periods: September 12, 2001, to March 20, 2003 (the day of the Iraq invasion), and March 21, 2003, to September 30, 2006. Extending the data set before 9/11 would risk distorting the results, because the rate of attacks by jihadist groups jumped considerably after 9/11 as jihadist terrorists took inspiration from the events of that terrible day.
We first determined which terrorist organizations should be classified as jihadist. We included in this group Sunni extremist groups affiliated with or sympathetic to the ideology of Al Qaeda. We decided to exclude terrorist attacks by Palestinian groups, as they depend largely on factors particular to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Our study draws its data from the MIPT-RAND Terrorism database (available at terrorismknowledgebase.org), which is widely considered to be the best publicly available database on terrorism incidents.
It's not apparent to me how this would support the claim that the war in Iraq has caused a sevenfold increase in terrorist incidents, but OK...
Our study yields one resounding finding: The rate of terrorist attacks around the world by jihadist groups and the rate of fatalities in those attacks increased dramatically after the invasion of Iraq.
But correlation does not prove causality, as the writers admit
Of course, just because jihadist terrorism has risen in the period after the invasion of Iraq, it does not follow that events in Iraq itself caused the change. For example, a rise in attacks in the Kashmir conflict and the Chechen separatist war against Russian forces may have nothing to do with the war in Iraq.
True 'nuff. So how do they make the connection?
...the most direct test of The Iraq Effect--whether the United States and its allies have suffered more jihadist terrorism after the invasion than before--shows that the rate of jihadist attacks on Western interests and citizens around the world (outside of Afghanistan and Iraq) has risen by a quarter, from 7.2 to 9 a year, while the yearly fatality rate in these attacks has increased by 4 percent from 191 to 198.
But why would this be evidence of correlation? For instance, they point out
German, French, and Dutch intelligence officials have estimated that there are dozens of their citizens returning from the Iraq theater, and some appear to have been determined to carry out attacks on their return to Europe. For example, French police arrested Hamid Bach, a French citizen of Moroccan descent, in June 2005 in Montpellier, several months after he returned from a staging camp for Iraq War recruits in Syria. According to French authorities, Bach’s handlers there instructed him to assist with plotting terrorist attacks in Italy. Back in France, Bach is alleged to have bought significant quantities of hydrogen peroxide and to have looked up details on explosives and detonators online. (Bach is awaiting trial in France.)
But Germany and France do not have troops in Iraq, nor have they supported the war in Iraq. Why would Iraq spur these people to attack France and Germany if they were not already predisposed to do so?
Another point they claim
One measure of the impact of the Iraq War is the precipitous drop in public support for the United States in Muslim countries.Jordan, a key U.S. ally, saw popular approval for the United States drop from 25 percent in 2002 to 1 percent in 2003. In Lebanon during the same period, favorable views of the United States dropped from 30 percent to 15 percent, and in the world’s largest Muslim country, Indonesia, favorable views plummeted from 61 percent to 15 percent.
But this is made up, unsourced data. I can point to data that refutes this position. For instance there's this from 2005 which would be after the 2003 "data" quoted by Mother Jones.
Muslim opinion of America is changing — for the better, according to a
poll released yesterday at the District-based Heritage Foundation.
Described as "dramatic" and categorized as "the first
substantial shift of public opinion in the Muslim world" since
September 11, the findings reveal that pronounced Islamic distaste of
the United States is waning.
Based on a survey conducted Feb. 1-6 of 1,200 adults in Indonesia — the
world's largest Muslim country — the poll found that 40 percent favored
U.S.-led efforts against global terrorism — up from 23 percent in 2003.
Well OK, but what about the larger Middle East
Anti-Americanism in Europe, the Middle East and Asia, which surged as a
result of the U.S. war in Iraq, shows modest signs of abating....
Attitudes toward the U.S. remain quite negative in the Muslim world,
though hostility toward America has eased in some countries. Many
Muslims see the U.S. supporting democracy in their countries, and many
of those who are optimists about the prospects for democracy in the
Middle East give at least some credit to U.S. policies...
...there is modest optimism among Muslims that the Middle East will become
more democratic. And even in countries like Jordan and Pakistan, where
people have low regard for the U.S., many who believe the region will
become more democratic give some credit to U.S. policies for making
this possible. Roughly half of respondents in Jordan and nearly
two-thirds of Indonesians think the U.S. favors democracy in their
countries.
And here, finally, is what Mother Jones doesn't get: while there is only a tenuous connection, if any, between the war in Iraq and terrorist activity world-wide, there is definitely a high correlation between the US and the birthing of Democracy in the Middle East.
If there is a connection between increased terrorist activity and Iraq, then it is all about Democracy: the US encourages it and the Islamist thinks it is apostasy.
Can Mother Jones really argue that it would be better for the world had we left a sadistic, criminal dictator in control of a country because to try to bring political and economic freedom to an avowed enemy of America would stir up the anti-Democratic masses?
And I don't know if Mother Jones noticed or not, but the first attack on the US mainland came at a time when we were at "peace": we were not in either Afghanistan or Iraq.
Mother Jones sums it up
Our study shows just how counterproductive the Iraq War has been to the war on terrorism. The most recent State Department report on global terrorism states that the goal of the United States is to identify, target, and prevent the spread of "jihadist groups focused on attacking the United States or its allies [and those groups that] view governments and leaders in the Muslim world as their primary targets." Yet, since the invasion of Iraq, attacks by such groups have risen more than sevenfold around the world. And though few Americans have been killed by jihadist terrorists in the past three years it is wishful thinking to believe that this will continue to be the case, given the continued determination of militant jihadists to target the country they see as their main enemy. We will be living with the consequences of the Iraq debacle for more than a decade.
The question is this: given the determination of militant jihadists to target our country, does Mother Jones really believe that the threat would be less had we not gone into Iraq? To me, that proposition is absurd on its face.
What's more, Iraq had we left it alone, would have been one more state sponsor of terrorism: now it is one less. And it directly because of our invasion of Iraq that there is a fledgling hope of freedom and democracy in Lebanon.
Whether or not Iraq has stirred up Jihadists, the fact is the US has stirred up desire for freedom, both political and economic.
And I think that's worth the price.
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